Pre-implantation Genetic Testing (PGT):

PGT-a involves a biopsy on an embryo for genetic testing.

This is usually performed in cases of recurrent treatment failures, previous chromosomal abnormalities, or if we want to ensure the transfer of a euploid (equal number chromosome) embryo into the uterus.

Abnormalities like Down's syndrome or Turner syndrome are always aneuploid, as they have either one too many chromosomes (47XXY) or one short (45X0).

The biopsy is taken from the wall of the embryo and does not involve touching the part of the embryo that will eventually become the baby.

These embryos have to be frozen and transferred into the uterus in the next treatment cycle as the results take up to 14 days to obtain.