Semen Analysis

Semen analysis is a comprehensive diagnostic tool used to evaluate male fertility by examining the health and viability of sperm within a semen sample, according to the World Health Organisation criteria for human semen examination. The test provides detailed information about various parameters that are essential for successful fertilisation.

The process begins with the collection of a semen sample, usually through masturbation, which can be produced at the clinic or at home/hotel, provided it is delivered within 45 minutes to the fertility centre to ensure accuracy.

A series of microscopic and macroscopic tests are performed to assess key factors and parameters within the semen sample, including:

• Volume: The amount of semen produced, ranging from 1.5 to 6.5 ml.
• pH: The acidity or alkalinity of the semen is measured, with normal semen having a slightly alkaline pH (7.2 to 8) to protect sperm in the female reproductive tract.
• Sperm count: The concentration of sperm in the sample should be greater than 15 million sperm per millilitre.
• Sperm motility: This evaluates the percentage of active sperm and their ability to swim progressively forward. Normal motility (>40%) is vital for the sperm to reach and fertilise an egg.
• Sperm morphology: This refers to the shape and structure of the sperm, which has a positive correlation with fertilisation and embryo development. Normal morphology should be greater than 4%.
• Sperm vitality: This examines the percentage of viable/live sperm in a semen sample and correlates with the motility of the sperm.

Additional parameters are also assessed, including sperm antibodies, DNA fragmentation, semen culture to identify infections, and the presence of white blood cells. The results provide valuable insights into male reproductive health and can identify potential issues that may be contributing to infertility. Based on the findings, appropriate treatments and interventions can be recommended to improve the chances of conception.